Free Citation Guides

Cite Anything, in Any Style

Clear, no-jargon guides for every major citation style. With worked examples for books, journals and websites. The donkey did the reading so you don't have to.

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Not sure which style to use?

Your department sets it. Check your assignment brief first. As a rule of thumb: psychology, education and social sciences use APA; literature and humanities use MLA or Chicago; UK business and many UK universities use Harvard; medicine and nursing use Vancouver; engineering and computer science use IEEE.

Citation Style Guides

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Style Guide
APA 7th Edition
Author–date in-text citations and the reference list, explained simply. Plus what changed in the 7th edition and how to handle DOIs.
PsychologyEducationSocial Sciences
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Style Guide
MLA 9th Edition
The container model and the nine core elements. How to build a Works Cited entry for almost any source you'll meet.
LiteratureHumanitiesLanguages
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Style Guide
Harvard Referencing
Harvard is a family, not a single rulebook. Learn the common core and cite books, journals and websites with confidence.
UK UniversitiesBusiness
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Style Guide
Chicago Style
Notes–Bibliography vs Author–Date, footnotes, ibid., and how to format a bibliography. Both Chicago systems made clear.
HistoryArts
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Style Guide
Vancouver Style
Numbered citations, superscripts and reference-list order. The citation standard for medicine, nursing and the biomedical sciences.
MedicineNursing
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Style Guide
IEEE Citation Style
Bracketed numbers and a numbered reference list for engineering and computer science. Papers, standards and conference proceedings covered.
EngineeringComputer Science
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Style Guide
OSCOLA (Law)
The footnote standard for UK law. Citing cases, legislation and secondary sources, with the distinctive no-full-stops style.
UK LawLegal Research
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Style Guide
MHRA Style
Footnotes and a bibliography for modern languages and the arts. Single quotes, "p./pp." page references and primary-text citation.
LanguagesLiterature
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Style Guide
AMA Style
Superscript numbered citations for medicine. Citation order, the first-three-then-et-al author rule and PubMed journal abbreviations.
MedicineHealth Sciences
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Style Guide
Turabian Style
Chicago for students. The same two systems, plus the title-page and front-matter guidance for theses and dissertations.
StudentsTheses
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Style Guide
APA In-Text Citations
A deep dive on APA in-text: parenthetical vs narrative, group authors, no author or date, quotes and secondary sources.
APAIn-Text
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By Source Type

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Source Type
Citing Journal Articles
The same article cited in six styles side by side, APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver and IEEE, plus DOIs and preprints.
All StylesDOI
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Source Type
Citing Books
The same book in every style, plus chapters in edited books, editions, translations and e-books.
All StylesChapters
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Source Type
Citing Websites
Web pages across all styles. And how to handle no author, no date, access dates and pages that change or disappear.
All StylesNo author/date
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Source Type
Citing Dissertations
Theses in every style. The degree, the institution, published vs unpublished, ProQuest and EThOS, and the wider grey literature.
All StylesProQuest/EThOS
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Integrity & Skills

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Integrity
How to Avoid Plagiarism
The types of plagiarism, how citation and paraphrasing prevent it, Turnitin similarity scores, AI and the habits that keep work your own.
PlagiarismTurnitinAI
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